wget wget https://dev.mysql.com/get/Downloads/MySQL-5.7/mysql-5.7.18-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64.tar.gz
tar zxvf mysql-5.7.18-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64.tar.gz -C /usr/local/ ln -s /usr/local/mysql-5.7.18-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64 /usr/local/mysql useradd -r -s /sbin/nologin mysql mkdir -p /data/mysql/{3306,3307,3308} chown mysql:mysql /data/mysql/{3306,3307,3308}
[root@localhost ~]# vim /data/mysql/3308.cnf[mysqld]port=3308 datadir=/data/mysql/3308/ socket=/tmp/mysql3308.sock symbolic-links=0 [mysqld_safe] log-error=/data/mysql/3308.log pid-file=/usr/local/mysql/data/3308.pid [client] port=3308 socket=/tmp/mysql3308.sock [root@localhost ~]# mysqld --defaults-file=/data/mysql/3308.cnf --initialize-insecure --user=mysql
初始化完成之后,后续的配置不需要3308.cnf文件,实例的参数会在my.cnf中集中配置。
注意,data目录在初始化前,必须为空,不然初始化是会报错重复上面两个步骤,把3307、3306目录初始化好。
[root@localhost ~]# cat /data/mysql/3306.cnf[mysqld]port=3306 datadir=/data/mysql/3306/ socket=/tmp/mysql3306.sock symbolic-links=0 [mysqld_safe] log-error=/data/mysql/3306.log pid-file=/usr/local/mysql/data/3306.pid [client] port=3306 socket=/tmp/mysql3306.sock [root@localhost ~]# cat /data/mysql/3307.cnf [mysqld] port=3307 datadir=/data/mysql/3307/ socket=/tmp/mysql3307.sock symbolic-links=0 [mysqld_safe] log-error=/data/mysql/3307.log pid-file=/usr/local/mysql/data/3307.pid [client] port=3307 socket=/tmp/mysql3307.sock [root@localhost ~]# mysqld --defaults-file=/data/mysql/3307.cnf --initialize-insecure --user=mysql [root@localhost ~]# mysqld --defaults-file=/data/mysql/3306.cnf --initialize-insecure --user=mysql
二、配置my.cnf文件集中管理多个实例
[root@localhost ~]# cp /etc/my.cnf /etc/my.cnf.bak[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf[mysqld_multi]mysqld=/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safemysqladmin=/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqladmin[mysqld1]port=3306socket=/tmp/mysql3306.sockdatadir=/data/mysql/3306/skip-external-lockinglog-bin=/data/mysql/3306/mysql-binserver-id=3306user=mysql[mysqld2]port=3307socket=/tmp/mysql3307.sockdatadir=/data/mysql/3307/skip-external-lockinglog-bin=/data/mysql/3307/mysql-binserver-id=3307user=mysql[mysqld3]port=3308socket=/tmp/mysql3308.sockdatadir=/data/mysql/3308/skip-external-lockinglog-bin=/data/mysql/3308/mysql-binserver-id=3308user=mysql[mysql]no-auto-rehash
mysqld_multi的配置文件和一般MySQL配置不同,没有[mysqld]段,取而代之的是[mysqld1]、[mysqld2]等配置段,每个配置段代表一个MySQL实例。
三、管理多个MySQL实例
1,启动多个MySQL实例启动多个实例时需要一个启动脚本,这个脚本一般在/usr/local/mysql/support-files目录下的mysqld_multi.server文件
[root@localhost ~]# cp /usr/local/mysql/support-files/mysqld_multi.server /etc/init.d/mysqld_multi
启动多个MySQL实例
[root@localhost ~]# /etc/init.d/mysqld_multi start 1-3
启动三个MySQL实例,注意这里的数字和my.cnf中的[mysqldN]对应,1-3就是启动[mysqld1]、[mysqld2]、[mysqld3]配置段的MySQL实例。
[root@localhost ~]# netstat -lnpt | grep -E "3306|3307|3308"tcp6 0 0 :::3306 :::* LISTEN 2744/mysqld tcp6 0 0 :::3307 :::* LISTEN 65502/mysqld tcp6 0 0 :::3308 :::* LISTEN 65499/mysqld
查看端口,看MySQL有没有正常启动,如果没有启动或报错,一般报错详细日志存在各个实例data目录下的主机名.err文件中,打开此文件查找错误原因,逐步排错就可以了。
2,关闭多个MySQL实例
[root@localhost ~]# /etc/init.d/mysqld_multi stop 1-3[root@localhost ~]# netstat -lnpt | grep -E "3306|3307|3308"
也可以使用以下命令:
killall -u mysql 或者 kill -9 the-mysql-pid四、root账户管理
前面初始化数据库时用的是--initialize-insecure参数,所以我们初始化的数据库,root账户是没有密码的,要先改密码为123456:
mysqladmin -uroot password '123456' -S /tmp/mysql3306.sockmysqladmin -uroot password '123456' -S /tmp/mysql3307.sockmysqladmin -uroot password '123456' -S /tmp/mysql3308.sock
或者:
mysqladmin -uroot password '123456' -P3306 -h127.0.0.1 mysqladmin -uroot password '123456' -P3307 -h127.0.0.1 mysqladmin -uroot password '123456' -P3308 -h127.0.0.1
五、连接mysql多实例:
[root@localhost ~]# mysql -u root -p123456 -S /tmp/mysql3306.sock[root@localhost ~]# mysql -u root -p123456 -S /tmp/mysql3307.sock[root@localhost ~]# mysql -u root -p123456 -S /tmp/mysql3308.sock